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	<title>潘锦的空间 &#187; 迎春舞会</title>
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		<title>迎春舞会之三人组舞</title>
		<link>https://www.phppan.com/2009/10/spring-festival-dance/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 09 Oct 2009 05:22:05 +0000</pubDate>
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		<category><![CDATA[dynamic programming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[动态规划]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[迎春舞会]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[【问题描述】 背景 Background 　　HNSDFZ的同学们为了庆祝春节，准备排练一场舞 【描述 Des [&#8230;]]]></description>
				<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>【问题描述】<br />
  背景 Background<br />
   　　HNSDFZ的同学们为了庆祝春节，准备排练一场舞</p>
<p>【描述 Description】<br />
   　　n个人选出3*m人，排成m组，每组3人。<br />
　　站的队形——较矮的2个人站两侧，最高的站中间。<br />
　　从对称学角度来欣赏，左右两个人的身高越接近，则这一组的“残疾程度”越低。<br />
　　计算公式为  h=(a-b)^2  (a、b为较矮的2人的身高)<br />
　　那么问题来了。<br />
　　现在候选人有n个人，要从他们当中选出3*m个人排舞蹈，要求总体的“残疾程度”最低。</p>
<p>【输入格式 Input Format】<br />
   　　第一排为m，n。<br />
　　第二排n个数字，保证升序排列。</p>
<p>【输出格式 Output Format】<br />
   　　输出最小“残疾程度”。</p>
<p>【样例输入 Sample Input】<br />
9 40<br />
1 8 10 16 19 22 27 33 36 40 47 52 56 61 63 71 72 75 81 81 84 88 96 98 103 110 113 118 124 128 129 134 134 139 148 157 157 160 162 164</p>
<p>【样例输出 Sample Output】<br />
   23</p>
<p>注释 Hint<br />
   m<=1000,n<=5000
数据保证3*m<=n

【算法分析】
从大到小排序 a[i]

f[i,j] 表示前i个数中有j对跳舞组合时的最优解
应为要最优就必须是排序时相邻两数的在两边才最好
而中间的人最高，记 f[i,j]=f[i-2,j-1]+(a[i]-a[i-1])^2
如果不取a[j]就  记 f[i,j]=f[i-1,j]
所以 f[i,j]=min{f[i,j]=f[i-2,j-1]+(a[i]-a[i-1])^2 | f[i,j]=f[i-1,j]}

huyichen 
摘自一大牛语录:
首先将筷子长度从短到长排序。
F[i,j,0]表示i个人使用前j双筷子，且第j根筷子不用，所需要长度差的平方和的最小值。
F[i,j,1]表示i个人使用前j双筷子，且使用第j根筷子，所需要长度差的平方和的最小值。
则F[i,j,0]=min{f[i,j-1,1]，f[i,j-1,0]}，F[i,j,1]=F[i-1,j-1,0]+(l[j]-l[j-1])^2
ans=min{F[k,n,1]，F[k,n,0]}

算法复杂度为O(NK)。

算法正确性的简单证明：

因为筷子配对的时候要求是长度平方差最小，所以每根筷子的配对的时候总是希望和长度差最小的配对，即排序后相邻两根筷子是可以配对的。l[a]，l，l[c]，l[d]表示4根排序好的筷子。因为(l-l[a])^2+(l[d]-l[c])^2<(l-l[c])^2+(l[d]-l[a])^2，所以上述配对方法是正确的。

本题同样可以把模型直接转变为二分图最小权匹配。

将两根筷子相连的边权值标记为两根筷子长度平方差，然后对二分图求一次最小权匹配。可以使用网络流的最小费用K流的算法，寻找K次最短路的增广轨。

算法复杂度为O(KN^3)。

非常显然，动态规划的复杂度远远低于二分图最小权匹配的复杂度。

【代码】



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</pre></td><td class="code"><pre class="c" style="font-family:monospace;"><span style="color: #339933;">#include &lt;stdio.h&gt;</span>
<span style="color: #339933;">#include &lt;string.h&gt;</span>
&nbsp;
<span style="color: #993333;">int</span> a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #0000dd;">1001</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #0000dd;">5001</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #993333;">int</span> b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #0000dd;">5001</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
&nbsp;
<span style="color: #993333;">int</span> main<span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&#123;</span>
       <span style="color: #993333;">int</span> n<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> m<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> j<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> k<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> temp<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #000066;">scanf</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;%d%d&quot;</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #339933;">&amp;</span>m<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #339933;">&amp;</span>n<span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
       <span style="color: #000066;">memset</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>b<span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #993333;">sizeof</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>b<span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> n<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
              <span style="color: #000066;">scanf</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;%d&quot;</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> <span style="color: #339933;">&amp;</span>b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> m<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
       <span style="color: #009900;">&#123;</span>
              <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> j <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> n<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> j<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
                     a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">2000000000</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
       <span style="color: #009900;">&#125;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> n<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
              a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span><span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> m<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
       <span style="color: #009900;">&#123;</span>
              <span style="color: #b1b100;">for</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> i <span style="color: #339933;">+</span> i<span style="color: #339933;">;</span> j <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;=</span> n <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>m <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> i<span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">*</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">3</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span> j<span style="color: #339933;">++</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
              <span style="color: #009900;">&#123;</span>
                     a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
                     temp <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">2</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">+</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">*</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> b<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">1</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
                     <span style="color: #b1b100;">if</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span> j <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span> n <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> <span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span>m <span style="color: #339933;">-</span> i<span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">*</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">3</span> <span style="color: #339933;">&amp;&amp;</span> temp <span style="color: #339933;">&lt;</span> a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span>
                            a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>i<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>j<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span> <span style="color: #339933;">=</span> temp<span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
              <span style="color: #009900;">&#125;</span>
       <span style="color: #009900;">&#125;</span>
&nbsp;
       <span style="color: #000066;">printf</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#40;</span><span style="color: #ff0000;">&quot;%d<span style="color: #000099; font-weight: bold;">\n</span>&quot;</span><span style="color: #339933;">,</span> a<span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>m<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#91;</span>n<span style="color: #009900;">&#93;</span><span style="color: #009900;">&#41;</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
       <span style="color: #b1b100;">return</span> <span style="color: #0000dd;">0</span><span style="color: #339933;">;</span>
<span style="color: #009900;">&#125;</span></pre></td></tr></table></div>

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